High-Value Synthetic Supervision for Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of a Compact Japanese Speech Model

arXiv:2610.00026v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Private domain speech is difficult to collect and redistribute, while compact models need task-specific supervision. We study an auditable synthetic pipeline that maps Japanese care handoffs directly to six-field structured notes. Using 182 synthetic training and development clips, we adapt a 1.47B audio model by full fine-tuning and rank-16 LoRA. On a 39-clip scenario-seed-disjoint synthetic test, an unadapted model obtains a model-judged factuality-recall score of 0.0500, full tuning 0.8664, and LoRA 0.8461. LoRA reaches 97.7% of the full-tuning aggregate as a descriptive ratio while project telemetry reports 12.4M trainable parameters, about 0.85% of the backbone. Both adaptations show large paired gains over the same base; the full-versus-LoRA interval crosses zero, and differing optimization settings preclude an equivalence claim. This is a parameter-efficient capability-acquisition result, not a device-performance result: latency, memory, energy, and real-time factor were not measured. All evaluation speech and targets are synthetic, references are model-proposed, and the judge is uncalibrated. The evidence shows that a compact model can acquire a narrow audio-to-structure transformation from a few hundred provenance-linked synthetic examples; it does not establish clinical validity, real-speech transfer, or superiority to a clean cloud system.